The Pedagogical Residency Program and the Digital Training of Graduates in Natural Sciences

The immersion of digital technologies in the initial training of Natural Sciences teachers has become even more complex since the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic. In this sense, the present study proposed to analyze how digital technologies are present in the training of Natural Sciences teachers. For this, 15 semi-structured interviews were carried out and an online questionnaire was applied to teachers and students of the Biology, Chemistry and Physics subprojects of the Pedagogical Residency Program/Capes (RP/Capes) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). Based on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis, the reports identified difficulties in problematizing training with digital technologies, in view of the need to restructure the curricular matrices of the degrees, in addition to the already rooted instrumental training of future teachers. In this way, it is essential to expand the promotion of initial teacher training programs, such as PR, regarding the need to remove the instrumentalizing perspective that limits dialogue with technologies, making actions attentive to the potential of such digital spaces. © 2023 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Fisica. All rights reserved.

Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals

Objective: to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. Method: a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. Results: the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. Conclusion: the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues.

Fatores associados a infeccao por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saude de hospitais universitarios*

Objetivo: investigar fatores associados a infeccao por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saude de hospitais universitarios. Metodo: estudo multicentrico, de abordagem mista com estrategia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 559 profissionais na etapa quantitativa, e 599 na etapa qualitativa. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados via formulario eletronico. A analise quantitativa foi realizada com estatistica descritiva e inferencial e os dados qualitativos por meio de analise de conteudo. Resultados: os fatores associados a infecao foram: realizacao de teste "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) e unidades com atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,028). Ter sintomas aumentou em 5,63 vezes a prevalencia de infecao e aderir ao distanciamento social na maior parte do tempo na vida particular reduziu em 53,9%. Dados qualitativos evidenciaram dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais: escassez e baixa qualidade de equipamentos de protecao individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, distanciamento fisico no trabalho, processos e rotinas inadequadas e ausencia de uma politica de triagem e testagem em massa. Conclusao: os fatores associados a infeccao por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saude foram em sua maioria relacionados a questoes ocupacionais.

Fatigue and sleep in intensive care nursing workers in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To analyze the relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, variables of health and work in intensive care nursing workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional, correlational study conducted from July 2020 to February 2021 with a random and probabilistic sample of nurses and nursing technicians from university hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A sociodemographic/occupational questionnaire, the Fatigue Assessment Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used in data collection. The chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used in the analyzes, adopting a significance level of 5%. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Participation of 114 workers. There was prevalence of low fatigue and poor sleep quality. High fatigue was associated with the variables going to work sick and perceiving noise/vibrations as a cause of discomfort. Nursing technicians were associated with poor sleep quality and concern about exposure to chemical substances. Fatigue and sleep quality were moderately and directly correlated. Adjusted analyzes showed that nurses and nursing technicians with high fatigue were four times more likely to have poor sleep quality (OR = 4.86;CI = 1.50-15.75). Conclusion: Fatigue and sleep quality were directly correlated and are associated with individual and work factors. High fatigue increased the chances of having worse sleep quality assessment. Institutional and organizational strategies should be reviewed in order to prioritize the health protection of these nursing workers.

The Negacionismo of Brazilian Government before the Covid- 19 Pandemic Based on the Works of Michael Focault

This study will address discussions about the government of Bolsonaro in order to contribute to debates and reflections on issues involving the order of discourse and the archeology of knowledge from the perspective of Foucault, considering these as thought triggers that operate during the (dis)government policy. The objective of this study is to reflect on the current Brazilian government from the Foucauldian theory, under the negationist and necropolitics aspect that was accentuated in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a theoretical essay, based on works by Michel Foucault that discuss relevant aspects in their studies on how to think about contemporary reality, the relationship between discourse, ethics and politics from a critical perspective. Thus, with this study it was identified that the existence of the SUS greatly implies in the crossings of the fight against social inequalities and, mainly, in the defense of life and health in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Biological activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona muricata Linnaeus: a systematic review.

This systematic review integrates the data available in the literature regarding the biological activities of the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona muricata and their secondary metabolites. The search was performed using four electronic databases, and studies' quality was evaluated using an adapted assessment tool. The initial database search yielded 436 results; ten studies were selected for inclusion. The leaf was the most studied part of the plant (in nine studies); Periconia sp. was the most tested fungus (n = 4); the most evaluated biological activity was anticancer (n = 6), followed by antiviral (n = 3). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities were also tested. Terpenoids or terpenoid hybrid compounds were the most abundant chemical metabolites. Phenolic compounds, esters, alkaloids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic compounds, and peptides were also reported. The selected studies highlighted the biotechnological potentiality of the endophytic fungi extracts from A. muricata. Consequently, it can be considered a promising source of biological compounds with antioxidant effects and active against different microorganisms and cancer cells. Further research is needed involving different plant tissues, other microorganisms, such as SARS-CoV-2, and different cancer cells.

Reflective essay on healthcare judicialization in COVID-19, from the perspective of Merleau-Ponty

Introduction: Reflect on care is to recognize it in the ontological perspective of its existence, so that health and law professionals can develop a human and empathic practice, beyond the technique. Objective: To reflect on the care of the judicialization of health in the current scenario of COVID-19, from the thinking Merleau-Pontyano. Methods: This is a theoretical-reflective analysis, held in May 2021, constructed from readings on care from the perspective of the judicialization of health during the period of COVID-19, available in scientific articles in electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS and BDENF, and based on the concept of care proposed by the philosopher Merleau-Ponty in his literary works phenomenologicals. Results: It is expected to strengthen the interdisciplinarity of the legal field with health, through the reflection on the notion of intersubjectivity of Merleau-Ponty, as a reference for research and actions aimed at human care, broadening the look beyond technicality and in order to mobilize the feeling of human dignity. Conclusion: In times of pandemic, the effective solution to the current problem is the attentive listening of individuals on the care and attention received both in medical care and in the judicial sphere, in order to meet their expectations and remedy much of the pr oblems arising from poor public service provision, and thus contribute to the reduction of the demand for judicialization and to the well-being of the human being, through dignified treatment and care. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

Brazilian Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Objective: Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Sixteen recommendations were generated. They include strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen, the use of anticoagulants at prophylactic doses to prevent thromboembolism and the nonuse of antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using oxygen due to uncertainties regarding the availability of and access to the drug. Strong recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, lopinavir + ritonavir and antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection and also conditional recommendations against the use of casirivimab + imdevimab, ivermectin and rendesivir were made. Conclusion: To date, few therapies have proven effective in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and only corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are recommended. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and promote economical resource use. © 2022 Associacao de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB. All rights reserved.

The impact of COVID-19 on international supply chains looking through the SCOR model

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought challenges of unprecedent proportions to the world in many aspects. For supply chain the key problem has been to minimize losses in short and long terms. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the impact of covid-19 in the supply chain and international logistics perspectives and evaluate the impacts comparing with the standard supply chain operation model. The research method applied consists in a bibliographic research with qualitative and inductive approaches applied in a single case study. The results demonstrated different impacts on the macroprocesses of the standard model, however it is important to understand the changes on the degree of impact over time due to the initial contagion increase and the in the following months. The conclusion was that an emergency plan built by the company mitigated the impacts and avoided the supply disruption of imported materials. This work stands out for being unique inside the perspective of a covid-19 in vitro diagnostic company. © IEOM Society International.

Lung function and exercise capacity after severe COVID-19

Rationale: COVID-19 can progress to severe disease requiring hospitalization and oxygen support in around 14% of the cases and 5% require admission in intensive care unit. The consequences of severe COVID-19 on lung function and exercise capacity remain to be determined. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study that aims to evaluate the early (Visit 1: 2-6 months after acute disease) and late (Visit 2: 9-15 months and Visit 3: 18- 24 months) effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome on lung function, exercise capacity, respiratory symptoms and health related quality of life in patients with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCRRT from nasal swab (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04410107). Severe disease was defined by respiratory rate > 30breaths/min, peripheral oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air and/or by the presence of infiltrates > 50% on chest imaging in the first two days after laboratorial confirmation. This is a preliminary report of spirometry, lung volumes by body plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and performance during 6-minute walk test (6MWT) after 2-6 months (early evaluation) of severe COVID-19. Results: 51 patients were included: 54% male, 55.4±12.9 yrs-old, 23 (45%) were current or former smokers. Around half (45%) were admitted to the ICU and 26 (50%) received ventilatory support (invasive or non-invasive). The most frequent comorbidities were systemic hypertension (41%), obesity (29%), and 9% reported history of previous respiratory disease. Mean lung function parameters were (% predicted): FEV1= 85±18;FVC= 82±16;total lung capacity (TLC)= 87±14;residual volume= 93±40;DLCO= 74±17;6-min walk distance= 85±20. Mean pulse oximetry values post-6MWT were= 93%. Although mean values were within the normal limits, 14 (27%) patients presented with restrictive ventilatory defect (↓TLC), 5 (9%) patients presented with obstructive ventilatory defect (↓FEV1/FVC), 21 (41%) with abnormal resting gas exchange (↓DLCO), and 12 with significant desaturation during 6MWT. 37 (69%) walked a distance below lower limit of normality. Of note, 22/31 (70%) of the patients presenting with any functional abnormality(ies) had no previous report of respiratory diseases. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of severe COVID-19 survivors (43%) presented with respiratory functional abnormalities indicative of restrictive ventilatory defect and/or with altered gas exchange at rest or during exercise after 2-6 months of acute infection, even without previous report of any lung disease. Further information regarding remission, stabilization or progression of these findings will be possible in the follow-up of this cohort.

Sociodemographic variables associated altered tolerance in friendship relations in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to verify the association between sociodemographic variables and altered tolerance in friendship relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the five Brazilian macro-regions, from June to July 2020, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, a semi-structured questionnaire and the Instrument for Assessing tolerance in friendship relationships. Fischer’s chi-square and exact tests were used for data analysis. Results: 88.9% considered satisfactory tolerance in relationships in the home environment, 82.8% had help from friends to overcome tensions, 73% perceived a change in relationships during quarantine. This change was higher among heterosexuals (p=0.001), residents in the Southeast and Midwest (p=0.001), with complete higher education (p=0.004), linked to private institutions (p<0.001) and who received help from friends during quarantine (p<0.001). Conclusion: sociodemographic factors and social support received from friends are associated with changes in tolerance in friendship relationships during the pandemic. © 2020 Universidade Federal da Bahia. All rights reserved.